"A mobile is an abstract sculpture made chiefly out of sheet metal, steel rods, wire, and wood. Some or all of these elements move, propelled by electric motors, wind, water or by hand... When everything goes right a mobile is a piece of poetry that dances with the joy of life and surprise." -ALEXANDER CALDER-
Known throughout the world as the creator of the 'mobile', Alexander Calder is one of the great formal innovators of 20th-century art. Since the first major exhibition of Calder's works titled Calder's Festival, at the Sonje Museum of Art, Kyung-ju in 1993, this exhibition at Kukje Gallery presents the breadth of his prolific and diverse career by concentrating on the best examples of his sculpture including early hanging mobiles, standing mobiles and stabiles ranging from small-scale to monumental works.
Born in Philadelphia to a family of artists, Alexander Calder was already making art as a child. Though he studied mechanical engineering at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, he continued to pursue his interest in art by taking drawing and painting classes at night at the Art Students League in New York. Beginning in 1926 he began making his own miniature circus and gave frequent performances at his studio to friends and critics in Paris. As a sculptor, Calder applied technical skills acquired as an engineering student and created works with electric motors in early 1930s. These works demonstrate the strong influence of the 2 major movements of early 20th century art: Furturism, which heralded the machine, and Constructivism, which introduced the use of various industrial materials and forms in art.
The exhibition at the Kukje Gallery consists of 3 major types of work that Calder created. There are important examples of 'ceiling-hung mobiles', works begun in 1932 that are powered entirely by the wind. The 'standing mobiles' are constructions with a fixed base and moving parts on top. The exhibition presents a variety of Calder's mobile formulas, each piece composed of an eclectic range of materials such as sheet metal, rods, wire and wood, pieces of glass and porcelain, string and other found objects. There are also 'stabiles', sculptures that do not have moveable parts and range from small-scale to monumental size. In addition to the sculptures, there is a group of gouaches done in 1976, the last year of his life. At Mondrian's studio, Calder was deeply impressed by the power and intensity of purely geometrical forms and wished to make these forms move in space. Inspired by man and nature alike, sight and sound, reality and fantasy, Calder's art has exuberance and buoyancy which brings pleasure and delight to anyone in private as well as public spaces.
The unpredictable movements in his mobile make free-flowing drawings in space. Calder's mobiles are composed of lines and planes but are never 2-dimensional. As they hang in space, they float freely without any predictable program, and with movement the element of time is introduced into the work. Calder's mobiles break free with the notion of sculpture as object fixed in space, occupying a specific area, and continue to change and expand the space. The fundamental ideas underlying Calder's art come from the basic laws and forces of the universe. Whether seen up close or at a distance, Alexander Calder's art seems to possess both a touch of magic and witchcraft, never precisely still, never exactly the same.